Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mental health condition that comprises behaviours such as inability to pay attention, hyperactivity and impulsivity in different areas of life.
It has been found that the onset of ADHD is at 7 years of age and often carries on to adulthood for 50% of individuals. Few cases are such wherein the person may have a diagnosis or recognize the signs and symptoms of ADHD only after entering adulthood. Research shows that in adults with ADHD, hyperactive behaviour diminishes with time but impulsivity, inattentiveness and restlessness while navigating through everyday life continues to exist. The root cause of ADHD is unclear but research has found that genetic factors, environmental factors and issues during developmental stages of an individual play an important role. Differences in the brain structure of an individual with ADHD has been found as compared to individuals without ADHD. Research has shown a high comorbidity rate of ADHD with other disorders such as mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance use, learning disabilities, etc.
Signs and symptoms
ADHD in adults often shows an impact on their interpersonal relationships, academic life and professional space. Some of the symptoms of ADHD in adults are as follows:
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Trouble prioritising tasks
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Poor organisational and planning skills
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Issues with attentiveness
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Trouble focusing on tasks and completing them (e.g. work projects or assignments)
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Restlessness and forgetfulness (e.g. forgetting appointments or important dates, etc.)
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Irritability, mood swings and temper issues
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Poor time management skills
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Trouble coping with stressful situations
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Engaging in risky behaviours (e.g. reckless driving, spending mindlessly)
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Lack of attention to detail
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Trouble maintaining relationships
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Low self-esteem
The symptoms of ADHD are subdivided into two parts:
a). Inattention
b). Hyperactivity and impulsivity
Based on the criteria mentioned in the DSM-V, if an adult has 5 or more symptoms that have persisted for at least 6 months and has caused significant impairment in their everyday functioning then they are given a diagnosis. There are three types of diagnosis that are given which are as follows:
i). Combined presentation (presence of inattentiveness and hyperactivity and impulsivity)
ii). Predominantly inattentive presentation
iii). Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive presentation
Treatment
Research states that there is no cure for ADHD but there are ways in which the symptoms can be managed better and help in leading a more satisfactory everyday life. As in the case of many mental health disorders, a combination of medication and therapy works wonders for a person with ADHD. Stimulants which contain methylphenidate or amphetamine are most commonly prescribed medications as they help to boost and balance levels of brain chemicals in a person. Other medications include non-stimulant atomoxetine and certain antidepressants such as bupropion.
Working with a mental health professional may include psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioural therapy, psychoeducation about their symptoms, etc. can be extremely helpful in improving organisational and time management skills, better problem-solving skills, interpersonal skills, coping strategies to reduce impulsive behaviour and managing anger. Joining support groups, asking help from family members and making some key lifestyle changes (diet and exercise) also contribute to managing ADHD better.
Importance of Professional Counseling: A friend or family member may listen to you, but they aren’t professionally, technically qualified or experienced to offer you professional advice. If you wish you can contact us at MindTribe to receive help from our team of expert psychologists.
About MindTribe.in.
MindTribe Founder Dr. Prerna Kohli, India’s eminent psychologist, established the company to leverage the strength of the online to make counseling affordable and accessible to everyone. MindTribe provides counseling, workshops, support groups, forums, and eLearning.
About the Author.
Renu Seshadri is a psychologist at MindTribe.in. You can learn more about her by clicking here
Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of MindTribe.in, the Founders, or management team.
Acknowledgement: All images used are open source and from Unsplash.